📘 Model Test Questions Class 9 Chemistry Test # 1 for Chapter # 1 (Fundamental of Chemistry)
(Chemistry & its Branches & Importance, Landmarks in the History of Chemistry, Atomic number, mass number, matter and its types, Calculation of fundamental particles in given species)
Prepared by Inam Jazbi – Learn Chemistry
Q1.
Explain the importance (or applications or role) of chemistry in daily life by giving at least four examples.
Q2.
Define chemistry. Explain the major branches of chemistry and describe how any five of them help in understanding the world around us.
OR
Many modern problems such as disease, pollution, food preservation, and industrial production are linked with Chemistry. Explain which branches of Chemistry help to solve such issues?
OR
Modern society faces problems related to health, environment, agriculture, industry, and energy resources.
Discuss how various branches of chemistry, including organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, biochemistry, and environmental chemistry, contribute to solving these issues with relevant examples.
Q3.
Scientific development in the Muslim world greatly contributed to modern chemistry, including laboratory techniques and discoveries. Discuss the contributions of any three Muslim scientists and explain their impact on modern chemistry.
Q4.
Chlorine is widely used in water purification, bleaching, and manufacturing processes, but it can also be harmful if misused. Explain the importance and applications of chlorine in daily life and industry.
Q5.
Modern chemistry has developed through the efforts of many scientists who introduced important theories and discoveries. Discuss the contributions of any ten scientists of the modern period and explain how their work shaped chemistry today.
Q6.
In laboratories and industries, different branches of chemistry are used to study properties of substances and analyze their composition. Differentiate between physical chemistry and analytical chemistry with reference to their roles and applications.
Q7.
Understanding the development of chemistry requires knowledge of key scientists and their discoveries.
Explain the contributions of the following scientists and how their work influenced chemistry:
Democritus, Priestley, Berzelius, Faraday, Schrödinger, Thomson, Mendeleev, Al-Razi.
Q8.
Environmental issues, industrial processes, and biological systems are studied through different branches of chemistry. Identify the branch of chemistry related to each of the following situations and justify your answer:
(i) Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) compounds are responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer. Which branch of chemistry explains this phenomenon and why?
(ii) The study of properties such as pressure, volume, and behavior of ammonia gas belongs to which branch of chemistry? Explain.
(iii) Determining the quantity and quality of paracetamol in a Panadol tablet involves which branch of chemistry? Give reason.
(iv) Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight. Which branch of chemistry studies this process? Justify your answer.
(v) Plantation helps in reducing the greenhouse effect by absorbing carbon dioxide. Which branch of chemistry is related to this concept? Explain.
(vi) Haber’s process is used to convert hydrogen and nitrogen into ammonia on a large scale. Identify the relevant branch of chemistry and justify.
(vii) A chemist checks the percentage purity of a glucose sample. Which branch of chemistry does this belong to? Explain.
(viii) An analyst determines that nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is responsible for acid rain. Which branch of chemistry studies this issue? Give reason.
(ix) When alpha particles (He²⁺) are bombarded on nitrogen atoms and a proton is emitted, which branch of chemistry explains this? Justify.
(x) Hair contains proteins called keratin, also found in nails and wool. Which branch of chemistry studies such substances? Explain.
(xi) Acetylene is the simplest hydrocarbon containing a carbon–carbon triple bond. Identify the branch of chemistry and justify.
(xii) The fact that gases can be compressed by applying pressure is studied under which branch of chemistry? Explain.
(xiii) Foods like meat, milk, and eggs are rich in complete proteins. Which branch of chemistry deals with this? Justify your answer.
(xvi) Radium decays by emitting alpha particles and transforms into radon. Which branch of chemistry explains this process? Explain.
(xv) A calorimeter is used to measure heat absorbed or released during a reaction. Identify the branch of chemistry involved and justify.
Q9.
Many important discoveries in chemistry are linked with specific scientists and their experiments.
(i) Identify the scientists associated with the following contributions and explain the significance of their discoveries:
(ii) A scientist developed experimental methods for the preparation of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and white lead. Identify the scientist and explain the importance of this work.
(iii) A scientist discovered important gases such as oxygen, sulphur dioxide, and hydrogen chloride. Name the scientist and describe how these discoveries contributed to chemistry.
(iv) Chlorine, an important industrial and disinfecting gas, was discovered by a scientist. Identify the scientist and explain the significance of this discovery.
(v) Hydrogen, the lightest element, was discovered by a scientist through experimental study. Name the scientist and explain its importance.
(vi) A scientist proposed the ionic theory explaining acids, bases, and dissociation into ions in solution. Identify the scientist and explain the significance of this theory.
(vii) The concept of the nuclear structure of the atom was introduced by a scientist after an important experiment. Name the scientist and explain its impact on atomic theory.
(viii) A scientist proposed that electrons have both wave and particle nature. Identify the scientist and explain why this idea is important in modern chemistry.
(ix) A group of scientists successfully synthesized the first Bose–Einstein Condensate. Identify the scientists and explain the importance of this achievement.
Q10.
What is mass number? What is its significance? Give mass number of elements with B, Li, Fe, S, P, Na, K, Ca, F
Q11.
What is atomic number? What is its importance? Write down symbol and atomic number of following:
Zinc, iron, Bromine, fluorine, sulphur, chromium.
Q12.
Mention the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in following atoms:
(i) ¹⁴₆C, (ii) ¹⁸₈O, (iii) ²₁D (Deuterium), (iv) ²₄₁₂Mg²⁺ (Magnesium ion), (v) ³⁵₁₇Cl⁻ (Chloride ion)
Q13.
Calculate number of each fundamental particle in fluorine atom and phosphorus atom. [Learn chart of elements]
Q14.
How you can differentiate between matter and substance?
📘 MCQs
Prepared by Inam Jazbi – Learn Chemistry
1. Ethyl alcohol was prepared by:
🟥 (a) Jaber bin-Hayan
🟦 (b) Al-Razi
🟩 (c) Al-Beruni
🟨 (d) Ibne-Sina
✔ Correct Answer: 🟦 (b) Al-Razi
Reason: Al-Razi is known for fermentation-based preparation of ethyl alcohol.
Reason: Al-Razi is known for fermentation-based preparation of ethyl alcohol.
2. Al-Razi prepared ______ by fermentation process.
🟥 (a) Sulphuric acid
🟦 (b) Ethyl alcohol
🟩 (c) Acetic acid
🟨 (d) Methane
✔ Correct Answer: 🟦 (b) Ethyl alcohol
Reason: Fermentation of sugars produces ethyl alcohol.
Reason: Fermentation of sugars produces ethyl alcohol.
3. Who determined densities of different substances?
🟥 (a) Jaber bin-Hayan
🟦 (b) Al-Razi
🟩 (c) Al-Beruni
🟨 (d) Ibne-Sina
✔ Correct Answer: 🟩 (c) Al-Beruni
Reason: Al-Beruni measured densities using experimental methods.
Reason: Al-Beruni measured densities using experimental methods.
4. Who proposed idea of substance as combination of matter and form and Four Elements theory?
🟥 (a) Jabir Ibne-Haiyan
🟦 (b) Democritus
🟩 (c) Aristotle
🟨 (d) Plato
✔ Correct Answer: 🟩 (c) Aristotle
Reason: Aristotle introduced Four Elements theory.
Reason: Aristotle introduced Four Elements theory.
5. Who proposed term ‘elements’ for composition of organic and inorganic bodies?
🟥 (a) Jabir Ibne-Haiyan
🟦 (b) Democritus
🟩 (c) Aristotle
🟨 (d) Plato
✔ Correct Answer: 🟦 (d) Plato
Reason: Plato introduced early element idea.
Reason: Plato introduced early element idea.
6. Who proposed wave-particle duality of electron?
🟥 (a) Schrodinger
🟦 (b) De Broglie
🟩 (c) Bose
🟨 (d) Einstein
✔ Correct Answer: 🟦 (b) De Broglie
Reason: De Broglie proposed matter waves theory.
Reason: De Broglie proposed matter waves theory.
7. Who invented experimental methods of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and white lead?
🟥 (a) Jabir Ibne-Haiyan
🟦 (b) Democritus
🟩 (c) Aristotle
🟨 (d) Plato
✔ Correct Answer: 🟥 (a) Jabir Ibne-Haiyan
Reason: Jabir is called father of experimental chemistry.
Reason: Jabir is called father of experimental chemistry.
8. Who proposed fourth state of matter?
🟥 (a) Satyendra Nath Bose
🟦 (b) Einstein
🟩 (c) both of them
🟨 (d) none
✔ Correct Answer: 🟥 (a) Satyendra Nath Bose
Reason: Bose studied Bose-Einstein state of matter (plasma idea linked in advanced physics context).
Reason: Bose studied Bose-Einstein state of matter (plasma idea linked in advanced physics context).
9. Who put forward chemistry as systematic investigation and gas laws?
🟥 (a) J. Priestly
🟦 (b) Robert Boyle
🟩 (c) J. Black
🟨 (d) Scheele
✔ Correct Answer: 🟦 (b) Robert Boyle
Reason: Boyle established modern chemistry and gas laws.
Reason: Boyle established modern chemistry and gas laws.
10. Main achievement of J. J. Thomson:
🟥 (a) Discovery of protons
🟦 (b) Discovery of electrons
🟩 (c) Discovery of neutrons
🟨 (d) None
✔ Correct Answer: 🟦 (b) Discovery of electrons
Reason: Thomson discovered electron through cathode ray experiment.
Reason: Thomson discovered electron through cathode ray experiment.
11. Chemistry is the study of:
🟥 (a) Matter
🟦 (b) Energy
🟩 (c) Both of them
🟨 (d) None of these
✔ Correct Answer: 🟥 (a) Matter✔️
Reason: Chemistry deals with matter.
Reason: Chemistry deals with matter.
12. Biochemistry is the backbone of ______ science.
🟥 (a) Physical
🟦 (b) Chemical
🟩 (c) Analytical
🟨 (d) Medical
✔ Correct Answer: 🟨 (d) Medical ✔️
Reason: Biochemistry is essential for understanding life processes in medical science.
Reason: Biochemistry is essential for understanding life processes in medical science.
13. Rusting of iron is a ______ change.
🟥 (a) Physical
🟦 (b) Chemical
🟩 (c) Both of them
🟨 (d) None of these
✔ Correct Answer: 🟦 (b) Chemical ✔️
Reason: Rusting forms a new substance (iron oxide), so it is chemical change.
Reason: Rusting forms a new substance (iron oxide), so it is chemical change.
14. ______ changes are easily reversed.
🟥 (a) Physical
🟦 (b) Chemical
🟩 (c) Environmental
🟨 (d) None of these
✔ Correct Answer: 🟥 (a) Physical ✔️
Reason: Physical changes can usually be reversed easily.
Reason: Physical changes can usually be reversed easily.
15. Which one is not a scientist of Greek period?
🟥 (a) Plato
🟦 (b) Al-Razi
🟩 (c) Socrates
🟨 (d) Aristotle
✔ Correct Answer: 🟦 (b) Al-Razi ✔️
Reason: Al-Razi belongs to Muslim period, not Greek era.
Reason: Al-Razi belongs to Muslim period, not Greek era.
16. The Al-chemist period was extended to:
🟥 (a) 1000 years
🟦 (b) 2000 years
🟩 (c) 500,000 years
🟨 (d) None of them
✔ Correct Answer: 🟥 (a) 1000 years ✔️
Reason: Alchemy period lasted roughly about 1000 years.
Reason: Alchemy period lasted roughly about 1000 years.
17. Which of the following is the best disinfectant?
🟥 (a) Fluorine
🟦 (b) Chlorine
🟩 (c) PVC
🟨 (d) Fluorides
✔ Correct Answer: 🟦 (b) Chlorine ✔️
Reason: Chlorine is widely used for water disinfection.
Reason: Chlorine is widely used for water disinfection.
18. The Muslim period extends from:
🟥 (a) 300–1000 A.D.
🟦 (b) 600–1200 A.D.
🟩 (c) 1000–1600 A.D.
🟨 (d) 600–1600 A.D.
✔ Correct Answer: 🟨 (d) 600–1600 A.D. ✔️
Reason: Islamic Golden Age spans roughly 600–1600 A.D.
Reason: Islamic Golden Age spans roughly 600–1600 A.D.
19. Which scientist determined relative atomic weight?
🟥 (a) J. Priestley
🟦 (b) J. Black
🟩 (c) J. J. Thomson
🟨 (d) Avogadro
✔ Correct Answer: 🟨 (d) Avogadro ✔️
Reason: Avogadro contributed to atomic theory and molecular masses.
Reason: Avogadro contributed to atomic theory and molecular masses.
20. Democritus named tiny indivisible particles as:
🟥 (a) Atomos
🟦 (b) Molecules
🟩 (c) Ions
🟨 (d) All of them
✔ Correct Answer: 🟥 (a) Atomos ✔️
Reason: “Atomos” means indivisible particles in Greek concept.
Reason: “Atomos” means indivisible particles in Greek concept.
21. Who discovered atomic number?
🟥 (a) Henry Moseley
🟦 (b) Roentgen
🟩 (c) Rutherford
🟨 (d) Bohr
✔ Correct Answer: 🟥 (a) Henry Moseley
Reason: Moseley established the concept of atomic number using X-ray spectra.
Reason: Moseley established the concept of atomic number using X-ray spectra.
22. Who arranged elements in periodic table?
🟥 (a) Henry Becquerel
🟦 (b) Neil Bohr
🟩 (c) D. I. Mendeleev
🟨 (d) Rutherford
✔ Correct Answer: 🟩 (c) D. I. Mendeleev
Reason: Mendeleev developed the periodic table based on atomic masses.
Reason: Mendeleev developed the periodic table based on atomic masses.
23. Father of modern chemistry is:
🟥 (a) J. Priestley
🟦 (b) Robert Boyle
🟩 (c) J. J. Thomson
🟨 (d) Jabir Bin Hayan
✔ Correct Answer: 🟦 (b) Robert Boyle
Reason: Boyle introduced scientific methods in chemistry.
Reason: Boyle introduced scientific methods in chemistry.
24. Who put forward laws of electrolysis?
🟥 (a) M. Faraday
🟦 (b) Neil Bohr
🟩 (c) D. I. Mendeleev
🟨 (d) Rutherford
✔ Correct Answer: 🟥 (a) M. Faraday
Reason: Faraday formulated laws of electrolysis.
Reason: Faraday formulated laws of electrolysis.
25. Jabir Bin Haiyan is commonly known as:
🟥 (a) Father of chemistry
🟦 (b) First experimental chemist
🟩 (c) Both of them
🟨 (d) None of them
✔ Correct Answer: 🟩 (c) Both of them
Reason: He is called father of chemistry and experimental chemistry pioneer.
Reason: He is called father of chemistry and experimental chemistry pioneer.
26. A piece of matter in pure form is:
🟥 (a) Radical
🟦 (b) Mixture
🟩 (c) Compound
🟨 (d) Substance
✔ Correct Answer: 🟨 (d) Substance
Reason: Substance is pure matter with fixed composition.
Reason: Substance is pure matter with fixed composition.
27. Number of protons equals number of:
🟥 (a) Orbits
🟦 (b) Electrons
🟩 (c) Shells
🟨 (d) Neutrons
✔ Correct Answer: 🟦 (b) Electrons
Reason: In a neutral atom, protons = electrons.
Reason: In a neutral atom, protons = electrons.
28. Neutrons in iron (A=56, Z=26):
🟥 (a) 26
🟦 (b) 56
🟩 (c) 32
🟨 (d) 30
✔ Correct Answer: 🟨 (d) 30
Reason: Neutrons = 56 − 26 = 30.
Reason: Neutrons = 56 − 26 = 30.
29. Neutron = atomic mass number − ______
🟥 (a) Atomic number
🟦 (b) No of neutron
🟩 (c) No of electron
🟨 (d) All of them
✔ Correct Answer: 🟥 (a) Atomic number
Reason: Standard formula: neutrons = A − Z.
Reason: Standard formula: neutrons = A − Z.
30. Neutrons in chlorine-37 atom:
🟥 (a) 37
🟦 (b) 17
🟩 (c) 20
🟨 (d) 18
✔ Correct Answer: 🟩 (c) 20
Reason: 37 − 17 = 20.
Reason: 37 − 17 = 20.
31. Atomic number of iron is:
🟥 (a) 56
🟦 (b) 26
🟩 (c) 36
🟨 (d) 35
✔ Correct Answer: 🟦 (b) 26
Reason: Iron has atomic number 26.
Reason: Iron has atomic number 26.
32. Atomic number of fluorine is:
🟥 (a) 9
🟦 (b) 17
🟩 (c) 16
🟨 (d) 19
✔ Correct Answer: 🟥 (a) 9
Reason: Fluorine has 9 protons.
Reason: Fluorine has 9 protons.
33. Neutrons in aluminum atom (A=27, Z=13):
🟥 (a) 13
🟦 (b) 14
🟩 (c) 27
🟨 (d) 7
✔ Correct Answer: 🟦 (b) 14
Reason: 27 − 13 = 14.
Reason: 27 − 13 = 14.