Calculation of Percentage Ionic Character
several empirical equations have been proposed to calculate
the percentage ionic character in the bond. It is important to note that no
bond (even ionic) in chemistry is 100% ionic. The following methods have been
proposed for this purpose:
1. Pauling’s
Electronegativity Difference Method
According to Pauling, when the electronegativity difference between two
elements is 1.7, percentage of ionic character is 50% i.e.
For example; in HF, the electronegativity difference between H and F is 1.9. Therefore, % ionic character is computed to be 56%.
2.Pauling’s Alternative Electronegativity Difference Method
Pauling suggested the following alternative equation for calculating the % ionic character in the bond:
3. Hannay and Smith Electronegativity Difference Method
These two chemists proposed the following equation called Hannay-Smith’s Equation for calculating the % ionic character in the bond:
4. Dipole
Moment Method
According to dipole moment, percent ionic character in a bond is given as:
Very helpful
ReplyDeleteThanks my dear chemist-SS
DeleteBut in each method we are getting different answer. So which one should I trust more?
ReplyDeleteDipole moment method is most reliable and most commonly used while quoting % ionic character of compounds
DeletePlez tell the Pauling,s percent ionic character of HF Hbr and o2
ReplyDeletePlez tell the Pauling,s percent ionic character of HF Hbr and o2
ReplyDeletePercentage ionic character in CaO
ReplyDelete