Dive into today’s quiz on Outer Transition Elements—perfect for MDCAT & ECAT aspirants. I hope you enjoy learning here as much as I enjoy teaching. 🌟
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🔥 Ace MDCAT & ECAT MCQs Quiz: Master the Outer Transition Elements in Chemistry! 🔬💡 | Essential Insights on Properties and Complexes Nomenclature
1️⃣ Zn²⁺ ion is colourless because:
🟦 A. Its 4s orbital is empty
🟩 B. Its 3d orbitals have all unpaired electrons
🟪 C. Its 3d orbitals have all paired electrons
🟨 D. Its d-orbitals cannot split into t₂g and eg
2️⃣ The coordination number of cobalt in Na₄[Co(C₂O₄)₃] is:
🟦 A. 3
🟩 B. 4
🟪 C. 6
🟨 D. 8
3️⃣ An example of a bidentate ligand is:
🟦 A. OH⁻
🟩 B. C₂O₄²⁻
🟪 C. CO₃²⁻
🟨 D. CN⁻
4️⃣ A highly paramagnetic ion among the following is:
🟦 A. Fe²⁺
🟩 B. Fe³⁺
🟪 C. Co²⁺
🟨 D. Cr³⁺
5️⃣ The highest oxidation state of chromium is:
🟦 A. +4
🟩 B. +5
🟪 C. +6
🟨 D. +7
6️⃣ This element is NOT used for electroplating:
🟦 A. Zinc
🟩 B. Tin
🟪 C. Chromium
🟨 D. Manganese
7️⃣ Steel typically used in making fry pans is:
🟦 A. Carbon steel
🟩 B. Stainless steel
🟪 C. Tool steel
🟨 D. Alloy steel
8️⃣ Step that removes gangue impurities in extraction of copper from chalcopyrite:
🟦 A. Concentration
🟩 B. Roasting
🟪 C. Smelting
🟨 D. Bessemerization
9️⃣ The 5d series of outer transition elements is:
🟦 A. Sc → Zn
🟩 B. Y → Cd
🟪 C. La → Hg
🟨 D. Ac → Cn
1️⃣0️⃣ Oxidation of manganese in air gives the oxide:
🟦 A. MnO
🟩 B. MnO₂
🟪 C. Mn₂O₃
🟨 D. Mn₃O₄
1️⃣1️⃣ The general valence shell configuration of outer transition elements is:
🟦 A. (n–1)d¹⁻¹⁰ ns¹⁻²
🟩 B. (n–1)d¹⁻¹⁰ ns²
🟪 C. (n–1)d¹⁰ ns²
🟨 D. All of them
1️⃣2️⃣ General electronic configuration of inner transition elements is:
🟦 A. (n–1)d¹⁻¹⁰ ns¹⁻²
🟩 B. (n–2)f¹⁻¹⁴ (n–1)d⁰⁻¹ ns⁰⁻¹
🟪 C. (n–2)f¹⁻¹⁴ (n–1)d⁰⁻¹ ns²
🟨 D. None of them
1️⃣3️⃣ 4d series of outer transition elements is:
🟦 A. Sc → Zn
🟩 B. Y → Cd
🟪 C. La → Hg
🟨 D. Ac → Cn
1️⃣4️⃣ The 3d series of outer transition elements starts with:
🟦 A. Sc
🟩 B. Y
🟪 C. La
🟨 D. Ac
1️⃣5️⃣ Element with the highest boiling point in the 3d series is:
🟦 A. Sc
🟩 B. Ti
🟪 C. Zn
🟨 D. Fe
1️⃣6️⃣ The element used in artificial joints, bone plates, screws & dental implants:
🟦 A. Zinc
🟩 B. Iron
🟪 C. Chromium
🟨 D. Titanium
1️⃣7️⃣ Titanium dioxide is used as a:
🟦 A. White pigment
🟩 B. Brown pigment
🟪 C. Green pigment
🟨 D. Red pigment
1️⃣8️⃣ Iron oxide is used as a:
🟦 A. White pigment
🟩 B. Brown pigment
🟪 C. Green pigment
🟨 D. Red pigment
1️⃣9️⃣ The element with least atomic size in the 3d series is:
🟦 A. Cu
🟩 B. Zn
🟪 C. Sc
🟨 D. Ni
2️⃣0️⃣ The element with highest melting point in the 3d series is:
🟦 A. Cr
🟩 B. Zn
🟪 C. Ni
🟨 D. Sc
2️⃣1️⃣ The non-typical transition elements do NOT include:
🟦 A. Zn
🟩 B. Cd
🟪 C. Hg
🟨 D. Ag
2️⃣2️⃣ Maximum oxidation state shown by 3d-series elements is:
🟦 A. +6
🟩 B. +8
🟪 C. +7
🟨 D. +5
2️⃣3️⃣ Finely divided Ni, Pd or Raney Ni are used in … of alkenes & vegetable oils:
🟦 A. Hydrolysis
🟩 B. Oxidation
🟪 C. Ozoniation
🟨 D. Hydrogenation
2️⃣4️⃣ Finely divided Fe and Mo are used in manufacture of ammonia by:
🟦 A. Contact process
🟩 B. Birkeland-Eyed process
🟪 C. Haber’s process
🟨 D. Petret process
2️⃣5️⃣ Pt or Pt-Rh alloy is used for … of ammonia into NO in Ostwald’s Process:
🟦 A. Hydrogenation
🟩 B. Oxidation
🟪 C. Ozoniation
🟨 D. Hydrolysis
2️⃣6️⃣ Pt or V₂O₅ is used for oxidation of SO₂ → SO₃ in the manufacture of H₂SO₄:
🟦 A. Haber’s process
🟩 B. Contact process
🟪 C. Solvay process
🟨 D. Dow’s process
2️⃣7️⃣ … catalysts are being explored for water-splitting reactions:
🟦 A. Ruthenium (Ru)
🟩 B. Rhodium (Rh)
🟪 C. Osmium (Os)
🟨 D. All of them
2️⃣8️⃣ Water-splitting reactions convert water into hydrogen & oxygen through:
🟦 A. Electrolysis
🟩 B. Electrophoresis
🟪 C. Hydration
🟨 D. Hydrolysis
2️⃣9️⃣ Paramagnetic behavior is most pronounced in the middle of the 3d series due to … spin:
🟦 A. Minimum
🟩 B. Moderate
🟪 C. Maximum
🟨 D. Intermediate
3️⃣0️⃣ Paramagnetic behaviour is strongest for:
🟦 A. Cr²⁺ and Mn³⁺
🟩 B. Fe³⁺ and Cr³⁺
🟪 C. Sc³⁺ and Zn²⁺
🟨 D. Fe³⁺ and Mn²⁺
3️⃣1️⃣ Which one of the following is not paramagnetic?
🟦 A. Zn
🟩 B. Cd
🟪 C. Hg
🟨 D. All of them
3️⃣2️⃣ Which one of the following is paramagnetic?
🟦 A. Sc³⁺
🟩 B. Ti⁴⁺
🟪 C. V⁵⁺
🟨 D. None of these
3️⃣3️⃣ Transition elements have the tendency to form alloys because of similarities in:
🟦 A. Atomic size
🟩 B. IE
🟪 C. EN
🟨 D. Binding energy
3️⃣4️⃣ Ferric ion (Fe³⁺) contains …… unpaired electrons:
🟦 A. 2
🟩 B. 5
🟪 C. 3
🟨 D. 4
3️⃣5️⃣ Manganous ion (Mn²⁺) contains …… unpaired electrons:
🟦 A. 5
🟩 B. 4
🟪 C. 6
🟨 D. 3
3️⃣6️⃣ Stainless steel is an alloy of iron with:
🟦 A. Cr and Ni
🟩 B. Cr and Ag
🟪 C. Cr and Cu
🟨 D. None of them
3️⃣7️⃣ Duralumin is an alloy of aluminium with:
🟦 A. Cu, Mg and Mn
🟩 B. Cu, Mg and Sn
🟪 C. Cu, Mg and Zn
🟨 D. Cu, Fe and Mn
3️⃣8️⃣ Brass contains:
🟦 A. Cu and Ca
🟩 B. Cu and Sn
🟪 C. Cu and Zn
🟨 D. Cu and Al
3️⃣9️⃣ Bronze is an alloy of:
🟦 A. Cu and Al
🟩 B. Cu and Ca
🟪 C. Cu and Zn
🟨 D. Cu and Sn
4️⃣0️⃣ Colour in transition metal ions is associated with d–d transition from:
🟦 A. t₂g → eg
🟩 B. e g → t₂g
🟪 C. Both
🟨 D. None
4️⃣1️⃣ When a transition metal cation interacts with ligands, its five degenerate d-orbitals split into two sets of energy levels—one of lower energy trio and the other of higher energy. The higher energy set is called:
🟦 A. t₂g
🟩 B. eg
🟪 C. Both
🟨 D. None
4️⃣2️⃣ The splitting of degenerate d-levels in the presence of ligand is known as:
🟦 A. Crystal field splitting
🟩 B. Crystal field cleavage
🟪 C. Crystal field degeneracy
🟨 D. All of them
4️⃣3️⃣ The energy difference between t₂g and eg orbitals is commonly known as:
🟦 A. CFSE
🟩 B. ∆o
🟪 C. Both
🟨 D. None
4️⃣4️⃣ Crystal field splitting energy (CFSE) is denoted by:
🟦 A. ∆Ho
🟩 B. ∆o
🟪 C. Both
🟨 D. None
4️⃣5️⃣ Crystal field splitting energy (CFSE) is denoted by ∆o, where subscript o stands for:
🟦 A. Octahedral splitting
🟩 B. Tetrahedral splitting
🟪 C. Both
🟨 D. None
4️⃣6️⃣ Ti³⁺ complex absorbs yellow and green light while transmitting blue and red light, thereby giving rise to the perception of:
🟦 A. Red colour
🟩 B. Green colour
🟪 C. Yellow colour
🟨 D. Violet colour
4️⃣7️⃣ The ligand ‘en’ stands for:
🟦 A. Ethylene diamine
🟩 B. Ethylene triamine
🟪 C. Dimethyl glyoxime
🟨 D. Oxalate
4️⃣8️⃣ When visible light falls on a [Ti(NH₃)₄]³⁺ complex, most of the component of light absorbs in d-d transition while the waves of green colour are transmitted. This gives rise to:
🟦 A. Green colour
🟩 B. Violet colour
🟪 C. Yellow colour
🟨 D. Red colour
4️⃣9️⃣ Zinc complex ions are generally colourless due to inability of ………… electronic transition:
🟦 A. s–s
🟩 B. f–f
🟪 C. d–d
🟨 D. p–p
5️⃣0️⃣ Three complexes are given below:
(I) K₄[Fe(CN)₆]
(II) [Cu(NH₃)₄]SO₄
(III) [Ni(CO)₄]
The ligands in these complexes are respectively:
🟦 A. CN, NH₃, CO
🟩 B. Fe, Cu, Ni
🟪 C. K, SO₄, CO
🟨 D. CN, CO, Cu
5️⃣1️⃣ The number of coordinate bonds that exist between the metal ion and the surrounding ligands is known as:
🟦 A. Ligancy
🟩 B. Coordination number
🟪 C. Both of them
🟨 D. None of them
5️⃣2️⃣ The coordination numbers range:
🟦 A. 1–16
🟩 B. 1–12
🟪 C. 1–8
🟨 D. 1–6
5️⃣3️⃣ In K₄[Fe(CN)₆], the coordination number of the central atom Fe is:
🟦 A. 6
🟩 B. 4
🟪 C. 10
🟨 D. 8
5️⃣4️⃣ The complex Na₃[Co(NO₂)₆] is described as:
🟦 A. Hexacoordinate
🟩 B. Tetracoordinate
🟪 C. Pentacoordinate
🟨 D. None of these
5️⃣5️⃣ The coordination number for the silver ion in [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ is:
🟦 A. Zero
🟩 B. Three
🟪 C. Four
🟨 D. Two
5️⃣6️⃣ Ethylene diamine, EDTA, and DMG are referred to as:
🟦 A. Chelating ligands
🟩 B. Negative ligands
🟪 C. Ambidentate ligands
🟨 D. Neutral ligands
5️⃣7️⃣ –ONO and –NO₂ are examples of:
🟦 A. Neutral ligands
🟩 B. Ambidentate ligands
🟪 C. Chelating ligands
🟨 D. All of them
5️⃣8️⃣ –SCN and –NCS are examples of:
🟦 A. Neutral ligands
🟩 B. Ambidentate ligands
🟪 C. Chelating ligands
🟨 D. All of them
5️⃣9️⃣ Which one of the following is a bidentate ligand?
🟦 A. en
🟩 B. ox
🟪 C. DMG⁻
🟨 D. All of them
6️⃣0️⃣ EDTA stands for:
🟦 A. Ethylene triamine
🟩 B. Ethylenediamine tetraacetate
🟪 C. Dimethyl glyoxime
🟨 D. Oxalate
6️⃣1️⃣ Zinc complex ions are generally colourless due to ………. configuration.
🟦 A. f¹²
🟩 B. d⁰
🟪 C. d²
🟨 D. d¹⁰
6️⃣2️⃣ EDTA is an example of:
🟦 A. Hexadentate ligand
🟩 B. Chelating ligand
🟪 C. Anionic ligand
🟨 D. All of them
6️⃣3️⃣ Multidentate ligands are known as:
🟦 A. Chelating agents
🟩 B. Non-chelated ligands
🟪 C. Ambidentate ligands
🟨 D. All of them
6️⃣4️⃣ Multidentate ligands form a ring structure resembling the:
🟦 A. Claws of a crab
🟩 B. Stings of bees
🟪 C. Tongues of frog
🟨 D. None of them
6️⃣5️⃣ Multidentate ligands are known as chelating agents. The word “chele” means:
🟦 A. Claw
🟩 B. Feathers
🟪 C. Stings
🟨 D. None of them
6️⃣6️⃣ A chelate is a complex of:
🟦 A. Non-chelated ligand
🟩 B. Unidentate ligand
🟪 C. Ambidentate ligand
🟨 D. Multidentate ligand
6️⃣7️⃣ The position of chromium in the Periodic Table is:
🟦 A. Period 4, group VIB
🟩 B. Period 4, group VB
🟪 C. Period 3, group VIB
🟨 D. Period 5, group VIB
6️⃣8️⃣ Chromium is the ………. member of 3d series of transition elements:
🟦 A. 4th
🟩 B. 5th
🟪 C. 6th
🟨 D. 3rd
6️⃣9️⃣ The oxidation states shown by Cr are:
🟦 A. +2, +3, +4, +5
🟩 B. +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7
🟪 C. +2, +3, +4, +5, +6
🟨 D. +1, +3, +4, +5
7️⃣0️⃣ Nickel dimethylglyoximate is an example of:
🟦 A. Chelate
🟩 B. Non-chelated complex
🟪 C. Both of them
🟨 D. None of them
7️⃣1️⃣ [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ is the outer electronic configuration of:
🟦 A. Pd
🟩 B. Cu
🟪 C. W
🟨 D. Cr
7️⃣2️⃣ The compounds of transition elements act as a reducing agent in …………. oxidation states:
🟦 A. Lower
🟩 B. Higher
🟪 C. Intermediate
🟨 D. Both b and c
7️⃣3️⃣ The compounds of transition elements act as an oxidizing agent in …………. oxidation states:
🟦 A. Lower
🟩 B. Higher
🟪 C. Intermediate
🟨 D. Both b and c
7️⃣4️⃣ The chromate-dichromate equilibrium is:
🟦 A. pH-sensitive
🟩 B. pH-independent
🟪 C. Both of them
🟨 D. None of them
7️⃣5️⃣ The chromate-dichromate equilibrium is to the left resulting in the formation of a red dichromate solution at:
🟦 A. Acidic pH
🟩 B. Basic pH
🟪 C. Neutral pH
🟨 D. pH 7
7️⃣6️⃣ The chromate-dichromate equilibrium is to the right leading to the formation of yellow chromate solution at:
🟦 A. Acidic pH
🟩 B. Basic pH
🟪 C. Neutral pH
🟨 D. pH 7
7️⃣7️⃣ The preparation of potassium dichromate is commonly done by using chromates formed by the reaction of chromite ore with:
🟦 A. HCl
🟩 B. Potassium carbonate
🟪 C. H₂SO₄
🟨 D. All of them
7️⃣8️⃣ The oxidizing properties of potassium dichromate are due to the presence of …………. oxidation state of central atom chromium:
🟦 A. Lowest
🟩 B. Highest
🟪 C. Intermediate
🟨 D. Moderate
7️⃣9️⃣ The chemical formula of Mohr’s salt is:
🟦 A. FeSO₄·(NH₄)₂SO₄·6H₂O
🟩 B. Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂·6H₂O
🟪 C. Both of them
🟨 D. FeSO₄·7H₂O
8️⃣0️⃣ Mohr’s salt is a/an:
🟦 A. Oxidizing agent
🟩 B. Reducing agent
🟪 C. Analytical agent
🟨 D. Bleaching agent
8️⃣1️⃣ The end point of redox titration of potassium dichromate with reducing agents is indicated by the colour change from:
🟦 A. Orange to green
🟩 B. Green to orange
🟪 C. Colourless to pink
🟨 D. Pink to yellow
8️⃣2️⃣ In acidic medium, dichromate ions gain:
🟦 A. 5ē
🟩 B. 3ē
🟪 C. 6ē
🟨 D. 8ē
8️⃣3️⃣ In acidic medium, potassium dichromate oxidizes many substances and itself reduces to:
🟦 A. Chromium oxide
🟩 B. Chromium hydroxide
🟪 C. Chromium chromate
🟨 D. Chromium sulphate
8️⃣4️⃣ In neutral medium, potassium dichromate oxidizes many substances and itself reduces to:
🟦 A. Chromium oxide
🟩 B. Chromium hydroxide
🟪 C. Chromium chromate
🟨 D. Chromium sulphate
8️⃣5️⃣ In the neutral or acidic medium, potassium dichromate furnishes:
🟦 A. Three [O]
🟩 B. Five [O]
🟪 C. Six [O]
🟨 D. Two [O]
8️⃣6️⃣ A mixture of K₂Cr₂O₇ and concentrated H₂SO₄ is usually known as:
🟦 A. Aqua regia
🟩 B. Chromic acid mixture
🟪 C. Thermite
🟨 D. Chromia
8️⃣7️⃣ The position of manganese in the Periodic Table is:
🟦 A. Period 4, group VIB
🟩 B. Period 4, group VIIB
🟪 C. Period 5, group VIIB
🟨 D. Period 4, group VB
8️⃣8️⃣ Acidified potassium dichromate oxidizes ferrous salts to:
🟦 A. Fluorides
🟩 B. Chromous salts
🟪 C. Ferric salts
🟨 D. None
8️⃣9️⃣ Acidified potassium dichromate oxidizes oxalic acid to:
🟦 A. Carbonates
🟩 B. Carbon monoxide
🟪 C. Carbon dioxide
🟨 D. None
9️⃣0️⃣ Manganese is the member of 3d series of transition elements:
🟦 A. 5th
🟩 B. 6th
🟪 C. 7th
🟨 D. 4th
9️⃣1️⃣ The oxidation states shown by Mn are:
🟦 A. +2, +3, +4, +5, +6
🟩 B. +1, +3, +4, +5
🟪 C. +2, +3, +4, +5
🟨 D. +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7
9️⃣2️⃣ [Ar], 3d⁵, 4s² is the outer electronic configuration of:
🟦 A. Cu
🟩 B. Mn
🟪 C. W
🟨 D. Pd
9️⃣3️⃣ Which element is an essential nutrient and plays a vital role in metabolism, bone development, and enzyme function?
🟦 A. Mn
🟩 B. Cu
🟪 C. W
🟨 D. Pd
9️⃣4️⃣ Which element in the first transition series is monoisotopic (exists in only one atomic form)?
🟦 A. Mn
🟩 B. Sc
🟪 C. Co
🟨 D. All of them
9️⃣5️⃣ Manganese reacts with air to form:
🟦 A. Manganese oxide
🟩 B. Manganese(II,III) oxide
🟪 C. Manganomanganic oxide
🟨 D. All of them
9️⃣6️⃣ The chemical formula of manganese oxide is:
🟦 A. Mn₃O₄
🟩 B. Mn₂O₃
🟪 C. Mn₂O₇
🟨 D. MnO₂
9️⃣7️⃣ Which oxide of Mn is acidic in nature?
🟦 A. Mn₃O₄
🟩 B. Mn₂O₃
🟪 C. Mn₂O₇
🟨 D. MnO
9️⃣8️⃣ Which oxide of Mn is basic in nature?
🟦 A. Mn₃O₄
🟩 B. Mn₂O₃
🟪 C. Mn₂O₇
🟨 D. MnO
9️⃣9️⃣ Coinage metals are actually:
🟦 A. Transition metals
🟩 B. Alkaline earth metals
🟪 C. Alkali metals
🟨 D. Halogens
1️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ Which of the following is a non-typical transition element?
🟦 A. Fe
🟩 B. Mn
🟪 C. Zn
🟨 D. Cr
1️⃣0️⃣1️⃣ Iron is used as a catalyst in:
🟦 A. Birkeland process
🟩 B. Contact process
🟪 C. Haber process
🟨 D. Both b and c
1️⃣0️⃣2️⃣ Which elements form alloy?
🟦 A. Transition metals
🟩 B. Alkaline earth metals
🟪 C. Alkali metals
🟨 D. Halogens
1️⃣0️⃣3️⃣ Which are repelled by magnetic field?
🟦 A. Paramagnetic
🟩 B. Ferromagnetic
🟪 C. Diamagnetic
🟨 D. None
1️⃣0️⃣4️⃣ The unit of magnetic moment is:
🟦 A. Coulombs (C)
🟩 B. Amperes (A)
🟪 C. Bohr magneton (BM)
🟨 D. Watts (W)
1️⃣0️⃣5️⃣ Magnetic moment (μ) of an atom or ion measures number of:
🟦 A. Electron
🟩 B. Nucleons
🟪 C. Proton
🟨 D. Neutron
1️⃣0️⃣6️⃣ Bronze alloy contains:
🟦 A. Cu and Sn
🟩 B. Ni and Cr
🟪 C. Cu and Zn
🟨 D. Cr and Fe
1️⃣0️⃣7️⃣ During the reaction of ammonia with iron, it acts as both a base and a/an:
🟦 A. Ligand
🟩 B. Acid
🟪 C. Salt
🟨 D. Both b and c
1️⃣0️⃣8️⃣ Which metal oxide is used in Contact process as a catalyst?
🟦 A. Cr
🟩 B. Mn
🟪 C. V
🟨 D. Cu
1️⃣0️⃣9️⃣ In oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI), green color changes to:
🟦 A. Colourless
🟩 B. Bright yellow
🟪 C. Pink
🟨 D. None
1️⃣1️⃣0️⃣ Acidified potassium permanganate acts as a strong:
🟦 A. Oxidizing agent
🟩 B. Hydrolyzing agent
🟪 C. Electrolytic agent
🟨 D. Reducing agent
1️⃣1️⃣1️⃣ Element showing maximum number of oxidation states:
🟦 A. Co
🟩 B. Fe
🟪 C. Cu
🟨 D. Cr
1️⃣1️⃣2️⃣ Systematic name for Fe(CO)₅:
🟦 A. Iron carbonyl
🟩 B. Pentacarbonyliron(0)
🟪 C. Iron(0) pentacarbonyl
🟨 D. All of them
1️⃣1️⃣3️⃣ Colour of hydrated Mn²⁺:
🟦 A. Blue
🟩 B. Yellow
🟪 C. Light pink
🟨 D. Green
1️⃣1️⃣4️⃣ Metal showing more than one oxidation state:
🟦 A. Al
🟩 B. Mg
🟪 C. Fe
🟨 D. Ca
1️⃣1️⃣5️⃣ Chemical formula of sodium monochloropentacyanoferrate(III):
🟦 A. [Na₃FeCl(CN)₅]
🟩 B. Fe₃[NaCl(CN)₅]
🟪 C. Na₃[FeCl(CN)₅]
🟨 D. Na₂[FeCl(CN)₅]
1️⃣1️⃣6️⃣ Formula of potassium hexacyanoferrate(II):
🟦 A. K₄[Fe(CN)₆]
🟩 B. K₃[Fe(CN)₆]
🟪 C. K₂[Fe(CN)₆]
🟨 D. K₆[Fe(CN)₆]
1️⃣1️⃣7️⃣ Formula of tetrachlorocuprate(II) ion:
🟦 A. [CuCl₄]²⁻
🟩 B. [CuCl₄]⁻
🟪 C. [CuCl₄]⁺
🟨 D. [CuCl₄]³⁻
1️⃣1️⃣8️⃣ Formula of hexaamminechromium(III) chloride:
🟦 A. [Cr(NH₃)₆]Cl₃
🟩 B. [Cr(NH₃)₆]Cl₂
🟪 C. [Cr(NH₃)₆]Cl
🟨 D. [Cr(NH₃)₆]³⁺
1️⃣1️⃣9️⃣ Name the complex [Co(NH₃)₆]Cl₃:
🟦 A. Cobalt(III) hexachloride
🟩 B. Hexaminecobalt(III) chloride
🟪 C. Hexaamminecobalt(II) chloride
🟨 D. Hexamminecobalt(III) chloride
1️⃣2️⃣0️⃣ Name the complex K₃[Cr(CN)₆]:
🟦 A. Chromium hexacyanide
🟩 B. Potassium hexacyanochromate(II)
🟪 C. Potassium tricyanochromate(III)
🟨 D. Potassium hexacyanochromate(III)
✅ ANSWER KEY with Short Explanations
1: 🟪 C
Explanation: Zn²⁺ = 3d¹⁰ (all paired). No d–d transitions → colourless.
2: 🟪 C
Explanation: Oxalate = bidentate.
3 ligands × 2 donor atoms = CN = 6.
3: 🟩 B
Explanation: C₂O₄²⁻ (oxalate) binds through two oxygens → bidentate.
4: 🟩 B
Explanation: Fe³⁺ = 3d⁵ with 5 unpaired electrons → most paramagnetic.
5: 🟪 C
Explanation: Cr has 6 valence electrons → max oxidation state = +6.
6: 🟨 D
Explanation: Mn does not electroplate easily; forms oxides instead.
7: 🟨 D
Explanation: Alloy steel is used in fry pans and cookware.
8 🟦 A
Explanation: Concentration removes gangue impurities from ore.
9: 🟪 C
Explanation: 5d series = La to Hg.
10: 🟨 D (Mn₃O₄)
Explanation: Heating Mn in air forms Mn₃O₄, a mixed oxide of Mn²⁺ & Mn³⁺.
11: 🟦 A
Explanation: General configuration = (n–1)d¹⁻¹⁰ ns¹⁻².
12: 🟩 B
Explanation: Inner transition elements: (n–2)f¹⁻¹⁴ (n–1)d⁰⁻¹ ns⁰⁻¹.
13: 🟩 B
Explanation: 4d series elements = Y → Cd (period 5).
14: 🟦 A (Sc)
Explanation: 3d series starts with Sc, ends at Zn.
15: 🟩 B (Ti)
Explanation: Titanium has highest boiling point (though some textbooks list Sc).
16: 🟨 D (Titanium)
Explanation: Biocompatible → used in artificial joints & implants.
17: 🟦 A
Explanation: TiO₂ is widely used as white pigment.
18: 🟩 B
Explanation: Iron oxide is a brown pigment.
19 🟨 D (Ni)
Explanation: Ni has the smallest atomic size in 3d series.
20: 🟦 A (Cr)
Explanation: Chromium has the highest melting point due to 6 unpaired electrons → strongest metallic bonding.
21: 🟨 D (Ag)
Explanation: Non-typical transition elements = Zn, Cd, Hg (fully filled d¹⁰ → no typical properties).
Ag is NOT in this category.
22 🟪 C (+7)
Explanation: In 3d series, Mn (3d⁵4s²) shows +7 oxidation state (e.g., MnO₄⁻).
23: 🟨 D (Hydrogenation)
Explanation: Ni, Pd & Raney Ni catalyze addition of hydrogen to alkenes/oils.
24: 🟪 C (Haber’s process)
Explanation: NH₃ formation uses Fe catalyst promoted by Mo.
25: 🟩 B (Oxidation)
Explanation: Ostwald process: Pt or Pt-Rh oxidizes NH₃ → NO.
26: 🟩 B (Contact process)
Explanation: SO₂ → SO₃ uses V₂O₅ or Pt catalyst in sulfuric acid manufacture.
27: 🟦 A (Ruthenium)
Explanation: Ru catalysts are being explored for water-splitting.
28: 🟦 A (Electrolysis)
Explanation: Water splitting = electrolysis → H₂ + O₂.
29: 🟪 C (Maximum)
Explanation: Middle elements like Mn have maximum unpaired electrons → strongest paramagnetism.
30: 🟨 D (Fe³⁺ & Mn²⁺)
Explanation: Both have 5 unpaired electrons (3d⁵) → maximum spin → strongest paramagnetic.
31: 🟨 D (All of them)
Explanation: Zn, Cd, Hg have fully filled d¹⁰ orbitals → no unpaired electrons → diamagnetic → NOT paramagnetic.
32: 🟨 D (None of these)
Explanation: Sc³⁺, Ti⁴⁺, V⁵⁺ all have empty d-orbitals → diamagnetic → none is paramagnetic.
33: 🟦 A (Atomic size)
Explanation: Transition metals have similar atomic radii → can form alloys easily without lattice distortion.
34: 🟩 B (5 unpaired electrons)
Explanation: Fe³⁺ → [Ar] 3d⁵ → 5 unpaired electrons → paramagnetic.
35: 🟦 A (5 unpaired electrons)
Explanation: Mn²⁺ → [Ar] 3d⁵ → 5 unpaired electrons → half-filled → maximum stability & paramagnetism.
36: 🟦 A (Cr and Ni)
Explanation: Stainless steel = Fe + Cr + Ni; Cr → corrosion resistance, Ni → strength & toughness.
37: 🟦 A (Cu, Mg and Mn)
Explanation: Duralumin = Al + Cu + Mg + Mn; lightweight, strong alloy used in aircraft and vehicles.
38: 🟪 C (Cu and Zn)
Explanation: Brass = Cu + Zn; 60–70% Cu + 30–40% Zn.
39: 🟨 D (Cu and Sn)
Explanation: Bronze = Cu + Sn; 80–90% Cu + 10–20% Sn.
40: 🟦 A (t₂g → e g)
Explanation: Color in transition metal ions arises from d–d electronic transitions from t₂g → e g orbitals.
41: 🟩 B (eg)
Explanation: The higher energy set of d-orbitals in a transition metal complex is called eg (dz², dx²–y²), while the lower energy trio is t₂g (dxy, dxz, dyz).
42: 🟦 A (Crystal field splitting)
Explanation: The splitting of degenerate d-orbitals into two energy sets due to electrostatic interaction with ligands is called crystal field splitting.
43: 🟪 C (Both)
Explanation: The energy difference between t₂g and eg orbitals is called Crystal Field Splitting Energy (CFSE) and is denoted by ∆o.
44: 🟩 B (∆o)
Explanation: CFSE is denoted by ∆o (for octahedral complexes) or ∆t (for tetrahedral complexes).
45: 🟦 A (Octahedral splitting)
Explanation: In ∆o, the subscript “o” specifically refers to octahedral crystal field splitting.
46: 🟨 D (Violet colour)
Explanation: Ti³⁺ ([Ar] 3d¹) absorbs yellow and green light, transmitting blue and red (complementary), giving the perception of violet.
47: 🟦 A (Ethylene diamine)
Explanation: ‘en’ = NH₂–CH₂–CH₂–NH₂, a bidentate chelating ligand coordinating via two nitrogen atoms.
48: 🟦 A (Green colour)
Explanation: [Ti(NH₃)₄]³⁺ absorbs most visible light except green, which is transmitted → green colour observed.
49: 🟪 C (d–d)
Explanation: Zn²⁺ has fully filled d¹⁰ orbitals, so d–d electronic transitions are not possible → complexes remain colourless.
50: 🟦 A (CN, NH₃, CO)
Explanation:
(I) [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻ → CN⁻
(II) [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺ → NH₃
(III) [Ni(CO)₄] → CO
51: 🟪 C (Both of them)
Explanation: The number of coordinate (dative) bonds formed between a metal ion and its ligands is called coordination number or ligancy. Example: [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ → 6 coordinate bonds.
52: 🟦 A (1–16)
Explanation: Coordination numbers are known to range from 1 (in some organometallics) up to 16 (in some lanthanide complexes). Most common CN = 2–12.
53: 🟦 A (6)
Explanation: In K₄[Fe(CN)₆], Fe is bonded to 6 CN⁻ ligands → coordination number = 6.
54: 🟦 A (Hexacoordinate)
Explanation: Na₃[Co(NO₂)₆] has 6 NO₂⁻ ligands, each forming a coordinate bond → hexacoordinate.
55: 🟨 D (Two)
Explanation: In [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺, Ag is bonded to 2 NH₃ ligands → coordination number = 2.
56: 🟦 A (Chelating ligands)
Explanation: en, EDTA, and DMG can form multiple coordinate bonds (chelate rings) with a metal ion → chelating ligands.
57: 🟩 B (Ambidentate ligands)
Explanation: –ONO (nitrito via O) and –NO₂ (nitro via N) bind via two different atoms → ambidentate.
58: 🟩 B (Ambidentate ligands)
Explanation: SCN⁻ can bind via S (–SCN) or N (–NCS) → ambidentate.
59: 🟨 D (All of them)
Explanation: en, ox, DMG⁻ are all bidentate ligands forming 2 coordinate bonds each.
60: 🟩 B (Ethylenediamine tetraacetate)
EDTA = Hexadentate ligand (2 N + 4 O donor atoms) → forms chelates with metal ions.
61: 🟨 D (d¹⁰)
Explanation: Zinc (Zn²⁺) has a filled d¹⁰ configuration → no possible d–d transitions → complexes are colorless. Similarly, ions like Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, and Cu⁺ are also colorless.
62: 🟨 D (All of them)
Explanation: EDTA has 6 donor atoms → hexadentate; forms ring-like structures → chelating ligand; carries 4– charge → anionic ligand.
63: 🟦 A (Chelating agents)
Explanation: Multidentate ligands have more than one donor atom → bind to the same metal ion forming chelate rings → called chelating agents.
64: 🟦 A (Claws of a crab)
Explanation: Chelate comes from Greek “chele” meaning claw, because the ligand grips the metal ion like a crab’s claw.
65: 🟦 A (Claw)
Explanation: The word “chele” literally means claw in Greek.
66: 🟨 D (Multidentate ligand)
Explanation: A chelate is formed when a multidentate ligand binds through multiple donor atoms, creating a ring structure.
67: 🟦 A (Period 4, group VIB)
Explanation: Cr → Z = 24 → [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹; Period 4, Group VIB (group 6 in IUPAC).
68: 🟦 A (4th)
Explanation: Cr is the 4th element in the 3d series (Sc=1st, Ti=2nd, V=3rd, Cr=4th).
69: 🟪 C (+2, +3, +4, +5, +6)
Explanation: Cr shows +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 oxidation states. +3 is most stable; +6 occurs in CrO₄²⁻, Cr₂O₇²⁻; +7 is only for Mn.
70: 🟦 A (Chelate)
Explanation: Ni–DMG complex is a bidentate ligand forming 5-membered square planar chelate rings → classic chelate complex.
71: 🟨 D (Cr)
Explanation: [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ is the outer electronic configuration of chromium (Z = 24). It is an exception to the Aufbau principle due to the stability of a half-filled d-subshell.
72: 🟦 A (Lower)
Explanation: Transition metal compounds in lower oxidation states have extra electrons → can lose electrons → act as reducing agents. Example: Cr²⁺ → Cr³⁺.
73: 🟩 B (Higher)
Explanation: Transition metal compounds in higher oxidation states are electron-deficient → gain electrons → act as oxidizing agents. Example: MnO₄⁻ (+7) oxidizes other substances.
74: 🟦 A (pH-sensitive)
Explanation: Chromate–dichromate equilibrium: 2 CrO₄²⁻ + 2H⁺ ⇌ Cr₂O₇²⁻ + H₂O. Position depends on H⁺ concentration → pH-sensitive.
75: 🟦 A (Acidic pH)
Explanation: In acidic medium, equilibrium shifts right → forms red-orange dichromate (Cr₂O₇²⁻).
76: 🟩 B (Basic pH)
Explanation: In basic medium, equilibrium shifts left → forms yellow chromate (CrO₄²⁻).
77: 🟩 B (Potassium carbonate)
Explanation: Potassium dichromate is prepared by roasting chromite ore with K₂CO₃ → forms K₂CrO₄ → acidification with H₂SO₄ gives K₂Cr₂O₇.
78: 🟩 B (Highest)
Explanation: Potassium dichromate contains Cr in +6 oxidation state → strong oxidizing agent.
79: 🟪 C (Both of them)
Explanation: Mohr’s salt = FeSO₄·(NH₄)₂SO₄·6H₂O = Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂·6H₂O (same compound, double salt).
80: 🟩 B (Reducing agent)
Explanation: Fe²⁺ in Mohr’s salt can be oxidized to Fe³⁺ → acts as a reducing agent.
81: 🟦 A (Orange to green)
Explanation: Redox titration of K₂Cr₂O₇ with reducing agents like oxalic acid or Mohr’s salt ends with colour change from orange (Cr⁶⁺) → green (Cr³⁺).
82: 🟪 C (6ē)
Explanation: Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 14H⁺ + 6Ä“ → 2Cr³⁺ + 7H₂O. Each Cr is reduced from +6 → +3; total 6 electrons gained.
83: 🟨 D (Chromium sulphate)
Explanation: In acidic medium, K₂Cr₂O₇ oxidizes many substances and itself reduces to Cr₂(SO₄)₃.
84: 🟩 B (Chromium hydroxide)
Explanation: In neutral medium, K₂Cr₂O₇ oxidizes many substances and reduces to Cr(OH)₃.
85: 🟦 A (Three [O])
Explanation: Potassium dichromate furnishes 3 [O] (nascent oxygen) in neutral/acidic medium. 1 [O] = 2 electrons; dichromate gains 6 Ä“ → 3 [O].
86: 🟩 B (Chromic acid mixture)
Explanation: K₂Cr₂O₇ + conc. H₂SO₄ → Chromic acid mixture (strong oxidizing agent, used for cleaning glassware).
87: 🟩 B (Period 4, group VIIB)
Explanation: Mn: Z=25 → [Ar]3d⁵4s²; Period = 4, Group = VIIB (IUPAC group 7).
88: 🟪 C (Ferric salts)
Explanation: Acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ oxidizes Fe²⁺ (ferrous) → Fe³⁺ (ferric) salts.
89: 🟪 C (Carbon dioxide)
Explanation: Acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ oxidizes oxalic acid (H₂C₂O₄) → CO₂ via nascent oxygen mechanism.
90: 🟦 A (5th)
Explanation: 3d series: Sc (1st), Ti (2nd), V (3rd), Cr (4th), Mn (5th).
91: 🟨 D (+2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7)
Explanation: Manganese (Z=25) has configuration [Ar]3d⁵4s². Common oxidation states: +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7.
Examples:
+2 → Mn²⁺ (MnSO₄), +4 → MnO₂, +6 → MnO₄²⁻, +7 → MnO₄⁻
92: 🟩 B (Mn)
Explanation: [Ar]3d⁵4s² is the outer electronic configuration of manganese.
93: 🟦 A (Mn)
Explanation: Manganese is an essential nutrient: cofactor for enzymes, important in bone formation and metabolism.
94: 🟨 D (All of them)
Explanation: Monoisotopic elements in the first transition series: Sc (⁴⁵Sc), Mn (⁵⁵Mn), Co (⁵⁹Co).
95: 🟨 D (All of them)
Explanation: Manganese reacts with air to form Mn₃O₄, also called manganese(II,III) oxide or manganomanganic oxide.
96: 🟦 A (Mn₃O₄)
Explanation: Mn₃O₄ is manganese(II,III) oxide; most common oxide formed when Mn reacts with air on heating.
97: 🟪 C (Mn₂O₇)
Explanation: Oxides in high oxidation states are acidic. Mn₂O₇ (+7) is strongly acidic.
98: 🟨 D (MnO)
Explanation: Oxides in low oxidation states are basic. MnO (+2) is clearly basic.
99: 🟦 A (Transition metals)
Explanation: Coinage metals: Cu, Ag, Au. They are transition metals with partially filled d-orbitals.
100: 🟪 C (Zn)
Explanation: Zinc is a non-typical transition element: full d¹⁰ configuration, no variable oxidation states, generally colorless complexes.
101: 🟪 C
Explanation: Haber process: N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃, catalyzed by Fe with promoters (K₂O, Al₂O₃).
Contact process uses V₂O₅, Birkeland process uses electric arc.
102: 🟦 A
Explanation: Transition metals form alloys due to similar metallic radii, variable oxidation states, and malleability.
103: 🟪 C
Explanation: Diamagnetic substances (all electrons paired) are weakly repelled by magnetic field.
104: 🟪 C
Explanation: 1 Bohr magneton = 9.27×10⁻²⁴ A·m²; measures atomic/ionic magnetic moment.
105:🟦 A
Explanation: Magnetic moment depends on unpaired electrons: μ = √(n(n+2)) BM, n = number of unpaired electrons.
106: 🟦 A
Explanation: Bronze = Cu + Sn; Brass = Cu + Zn.
107: 🟦 A
Explanation: NH₃ donates a lone pair to Fe → acts as Lewis base and ligand.
108: 🟪 C
Explanation: V₂O₅ catalyzes SO₂ → SO₃ in H₂SO₄ manufacture.
109: 🟩 B
Explanation: Cr³⁺ (green) → CrO₄²⁻ (yellow) or Cr₂O₇²⁻ (orange).
110: 🟦 A
Explanation: KMnO₄ (Mn⁷⁺) accepts electrons → strong oxidizing agent.
111: 🟨 D
Explanation: Cr ([Ar]3d⁵4s¹) → +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 → multiple oxidation states.
112: 🟨 D
Explanation: Fe(CO)₅: common name = Iron carbonyl; IUPAC = Pentacarbonyliron(0) or Iron(0) pentacarbonyl.
113: 🟪 C
Explanation: [Mn(H₂O)₆]²⁺ → light pink due to d⁵ high-spin configuration.
114: 🟪 C
Fe shows +2, +3; Al, Mg, Ca generally only one oxidation state.
115: 🟪 C
Fe³⁺ + 1 Cl⁻ + 5 CN⁻ → [FeCl(CN)₅]³⁻; 3 Na⁺ balance → Na₃[FeCl(CN)₅].
116: 🟦 A
[Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻ → 4 K⁺ to balance → K₄[Fe(CN)₆].
117: 🟦 A
Cu²⁺ + 4 Cl⁻ → [CuCl₄]²⁻.
118: 🟦 A
Cr³⁺ + 6 NH₃ ligands → [Cr(NH₃)₆]³⁺; 3 Cl⁻ to balance → [Cr(NH₃)₆]Cl₃.
119: 🟨 D
Co³⁺ + 6 NH₃ → Hexamminecobalt(III) chloride.
120: 🟨 D
Cr³⁺ + 6 CN⁻ → [Cr(CN)₆]³⁻; 3 K⁺ → K₃[Cr(CN)₆] → Potassium hexacyanochromate(III).
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