Model Test Questions Chemistry Test # 1 for Chapter # 1 (Fundamental of Chemistry)

 Model Test Questions Chemistry Test # 1 for Chapter # 1 (Fundamental of Chemistry)

(Chemistry and its Branches, Importance of Branches of Chemistry, Landmarks in the History of Chemistry )

Q1. What is the Importance or applications of Chemistry in daily Life

Answer

The role of chemistry in daily life is unavoidable fact.

1.     Cooking, eating and digestion of food are purely chemical processes.

2.     Construction, cleaning and washing of our homes are dependable on chemistry.

3.    The production of fertilizers, glass, plastic synthetic fiber, polymer, ceramics, petroleum products, soaps, and detergents     are based on chemistry.

4.   The diseases transmitted through impure drinking water as cholera, typhoid, dysentery, skin and eye infections can be     controlled with the help of chlorine treatment to kill the pathogenic organism to obtain pure water.

5.    The chlorine is most important chemical which used commercially to produce more than one thousands compounds which     are used in chemical industry as bleaching agent, disinfectants, solvents, pesticides, refrigerates, PVC and drugs are miracles of chemistry.

Q2.Describe the importance of Chlorine.

Answer

Chlorine is used for producing more than one thousand chlorine compounds of great industrial importance, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as plastics for pipes.

Chlorine itself is used to kill all pathogenic organisms, which causes cholera, typhoid fever and dysentery.

chlorine compounds are employed as bleaching agent, disinfectant, pesticides, solvents, refrigerant, flame retardant and drugs. 

Q4. Discuss the contribution of any 10 scientists of Modern Period.

Answer 

Q5. Discuss the contribution of any three Muslim Scientists.

Answer 

Q6. Differentiate between the physical and analytical chemistry. 

Answer 

Q2. Define chemistry. Name its important branches. Define any five of them.

Answer 

Definition of Chemistry                                            

“Chemistry is the branch of science which deals with the study of composition, structure, properties (physical and chemical) and transformation of matter along with the chemical changes that occur in it.  It involves the study of physical and chemical changes that matter undergoes and the energy changes accompanying these changes and the laws and principles governing these changes.”

OR 

Chemistry is the scientific study of matter and its interactions with other matter and energy. Chemistry deals with chemical elements and compounds, which consist of atoms and molecules, and the reactions between them.

Branches of Chemistry 

Physical Chemistry

1.  Physical chemistry is the branch of chemistry which deals with relationship between composition and physical properties of matter with the changes in them.

2.  It is the branch of chemistry that deals with the physical properties of substances and their dependence on chemical bonding.

3. It deals with the forces and laws and principles governing the combination of atoms and molecules.

4. It is especially concerned with energy changes in physical and chemical processes.

Inorganic Chemistry

It is that branch of chemistry that deals with the study of all elements and their compounds generally obtained from non-living or mineral origin except carbon-hydrogen (hydrocarbons) compounds and their derivatives (organic compounds).

It is applicable in all areas of chemical industry such as glass, cement, ceramics and metallurgy.

Organic Chemistry

Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry which deals with hydrocarbons and their derivatives.

Organic chemistry is the chemistry of hydrocarbons and their derivatives.

Organic chemistry is the study of structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing compounds generally obtained from living organisms, which include hydrocarbons except oxides (CO, CO₂,), metal carbonates, bicarbonates, cyanides, thoicyantes, cyanates and carbides.

With the exceptions of CO, CO₂, metal carbonates (CO₃^2-), bicarbonates (HCO₃^-), cyanides (CN^-), thoicyantes (CNS^-), cyanates (CNO^-) and carbides (C^4-), organic chemistry is the study of essentially all carbon compounds generally obtained from living organisms.

 The gasoline, plastics, detergents, dyes, food additives, natural gas, and medicines are studied in the organic chemistry.

Analytical Chemistry

Analytical chemistry is the branch of chemistry which deals with separation and analysis of kind, quality and quantity of various components in given substance.

Analytical chemistry is concerned with the qualitative and quantitative analysis of different substances.

Analytical chemistry seeks to determine the exact chemical compositions of substances.  It used in chromatography, electrophoresis and spectroscopy.

Biochemistry

It is the branch of chemistry that deals with the compounds (such as DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids etc.) and their reactions (metabolism) in living organisms (i.e. in plants and animals).

Biochemistry is the backbone of medical science. Biochemistry helps us to understand how living things obtain energy from food. It tells that how disorder or deficiency of these biomolecules causes diseases.

This branch is useful in medicine, agriculture and food science.

Industrial chemistry

It is the branch of chemistry that deals with the study of different chemical processes involved for commercial manufacturing of synthetic products (like cements, glass, cement, paper, fertilizers, medicines, plastics, paints, soaps, detergents, soda ash, caustic soda etc.).

It is the application of chemical knowledge in technology and industry for preparation of industrial products on large scale. Industrial chemistry helps us in the manufacturing of the industrial products and their uses.